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Maghrebis or Maghrebians are the inhabitants of the Maghreb countries in western North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania). The bulk of the Maghrebis population is made up primarily from the Libyan people (also known since the medieval times as Berbers) - who are white to olive-skinned Caucasoid people and the first modern humans to settle in North Africa, but also is made up from people of Phoenician origin (Carthaginians), of Roman origin (Roman Africa), of Hellenic origin (Byzantine Africa), of Egyptian and Levantin origin (Muslim conquest of North Africa), of Iberian origin (native Andalusians fleeing the Reconquista, or Portuguese), of Italian origin (migration in Tunisia, Libya and Algeria), of Turkic, Balkan or other Mediterranean origin (such as descendant of Janissaries for Tunisia, Libya and Algeria) as well as of Sub-Saharan origin (Trans-Saharan trade). Maghrebis were known in the medieval times as Moors.〔"The Moors were simply Maghrebis, inhabitants of the Greater Maghreb, the western part of the Islamic world, that extends from Spain to Tunisia, and represents a homogeneous cultural entity", Titus Burckhardt, "Moorish culture in Spain". Suhail Academy. 1997, p.7〕 It is believed that the term ''Moor'' is derived from ''Mauri'', the name given by the Romans to the inhabitant of North Morocco and Algeria, which itself is thought to be derived from the name of a local tribe which were first to come in contact with the Romans. ==Origins== The inhabitants of the region are predominantly Arab-Berber (mostly of mixed Arab and Berber origin). The Arabs and Berbers, united through Islam, are the main ethnic and cultural elements, but it is important to bear in mind that over the centuries the Greater Maghreb has been a melting-pot of many other ethnic groups and cultures. Before the Arab conquest Carthaginians (of Phoenician descent), Greeks, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines colonized the Greater Maghreb and contributed to the development of its culture. Later, moriscos and muladies (that is, Iberian who had earlier converted to the Muslim faith and were fleeing together with ethnic Arab and Berber Muslims from the Christian Reconquista) settled in the Greater Maghreb. Additionally there are Turks who came over with the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. A small Turkish descended population exists, particularly in Tunisia and Algeria. Other European contributions included French, Italians, and others captured by the corsairs and then turned into slaves.〔Smail Chadli, (Afrique du Nord: Anthropologie Génétique et Histoire du peuplement Humain ), Anthropologie Génétique et Histoire du peuplement Humain. Antropo, 20, 41-48〕 Nowadays, a majority of the current population in the Greater Maghreb consider themselves generally Arab in identity and culture, but are mostly of mixed Arab and Berber origin. There is a significant population who identify as non-Arab in the region: this population is the Lebu (Berbers), who did not adopt Arabic language over the times and who kept their distinct Berber dialect. These populations live mostly in the mountainous areas, mostly in the Rif mountains, the Atlas and the Souss valley, the Kabilya region in Algeria, and Jebel Nefousa in Tunisia. Historically the Greater Maghreb was also home to significant Jewish communities, including the Maghrebim Jews, who predated the 7th century introduction and conversion of the majority of Berbers to Islam. Later they were augmented by Iberian Sephardi Jews fleeing the Iberian Catholic Reconquista who established a presence in North Africa, chiefly in the urban trading centers. Many Sephardic Jews emigrated to North America in the early 19th century or to France and Israel later in the 20th century. On the Saharan southern edge of the Greater Maghreb are large communities of black Africans, sometimes called Haratin, who orally identify themselves as the original inhabitants of southern oasis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maghrebis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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